Typhoid Vaccine

Medical Term

Typhoid Immunization / Typhoid Prevention / Typhoid Vaccination

/ˈtaɪfɔɪd vækˈsiːn/ | Plural: typhoid vaccines

Noun Medical Term

Expert Tip: Typhoid vaccine provides protection against Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Understanding its types and administration is crucial for travelers to endemic areas.

Vaccine Types

1Injectable Typhoid Vaccine

The injectable typhoid vaccine provides protection for about 2 years.

The polysaccharide vaccine is administered as a single shot.

2Oral Typhoid Vaccine

The oral typhoid vaccine consists of 4 capsules taken every other day.

This live attenuated vaccine provides protection for about 5 years.

3Combination Vaccines

Some countries offer combination vaccines for typhoid and hepatitis A.

These are particularly useful for travelers.

Expert Tip: The choice between injectable and oral vaccines depends on factors like age, time before travel, and medical history.

Effectiveness

1Protection Rate

Typhoid vaccines are 50-80% effective in preventing typhoid fever.

They significantly reduce disease severity even if infection occurs.

2Duration of Protection

Protection lasts 2-5 years depending on vaccine type.

Booster doses are required for continued protection.

3Limitations

Vaccines don't protect against paratyphoid fever.

Food and water precautions remain essential.

Common Side Effects

1Injectable Vaccine

May cause pain at injection site, fever, or headache.

These typically resolve within 1-2 days.

2Oral Vaccine

May cause abdominal discomfort, nausea, or rash.

Rare cases of vaccine-associated typhoid have been reported.

3Contraindications

Not recommended for immunocompromised individuals or pregnant women.

Consult healthcare provider for specific advice.

Expert Tip: Side effects are generally mild. Serious allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention.

Vaccination Recommendations

1Travelers

Recommended for travelers to South Asia and other endemic areas.

Should be completed at least 1-2 weeks before travel.

2High-Risk Groups

Important for laboratory workers handling S. Typhi.

Also recommended for chronic carriers.

3Public Health

Used in outbreak control and endemic areas.

Part of WHO's recommended vaccines.