Hagia Sophia

Historical Landmark

Holy Wisdom / Sacred Wisdom

English [ˈhɑːɡiə soʊˈfiːə] | Turkish: Ayasofya

Historical Site Architectural Wonder

Expert Tip: Hagia Sophia is one of the most significant architectural achievements in human history, representing a unique blend of Byzantine and Ottoman influences.

Historical Significance

1Byzantine Cathedral (537-1453)

Built as an Orthodox Christian cathedral by Emperor Justinian I in 537 AD.

Originally served as the seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople.

2Ottoman Mosque (1453-1934)

Converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.

Minarets were added and Christian mosaics were covered.

3Secular Museum (1934-2020)

Transformed into a museum by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1934.

Restored Christian mosaics were revealed during this period.

4Current Status (2020-present)

Reconverted into a mosque by Turkish government decision in 2020.

Remains open to visitors outside prayer times.

Expert Tip: Hagia Sophia's history reflects the complex cultural and religious transitions of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) through the centuries.

Architectural Features

1The Dome

Revolutionary 32-meter diameter dome that changed architectural history.

Considered an engineering marvel of the 6th century.

2Mosaics

Magnificent Byzantine gold mosaics depicting religious figures.

Many were covered during Ottoman period and later restored.

3Minarets

Four distinctive minarets added during Ottoman period.

Each built by different sultans at different times.

Cultural Importance

1UNESCO World Heritage Site

Designated as part of Istanbul's Historic Areas in 1985.

Recognized for its outstanding universal value.

2Interfaith Symbol

Represents coexistence of Christianity and Islam.

A powerful symbol of cultural dialogue.

3Tourist Attraction

One of Turkey's most visited sites with millions annually.

Continues to inspire awe in visitors worldwide.

Expert Tip: Hagia Sophia's architectural innovations influenced both Christian and Islamic religious buildings for centuries after its construction.